Forensic science is an important part of the criminal justice system, in both state and federal courts. Forensic scientists examine and analyze evidence from crime scenes and other relevant locations to develop objective findings that may assist in the investigation and prosecution of criminals, or clear an innocent person from suspicion.

Common forensic science laboratory disciplines include (1) forensic molecular biology (DNA); (2) forensic chemistry; (3) trace evidence examination (hairs, fibers, paints, polymers, glass, soil, etc.); (4) latent fingerprint examination; (5) firearms and toolmarks examination; (6) handwriting analysis; (7) fire and explosives examinations; (8) forensic toxicology; and (9) digital evidence.

Practitioners of these forensic science disciplines are usually found in medical examiner or coroner’s offices, universities, and private practices. And the United States Department of Justice maintains forensic laboratories at (1) the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF); (2) the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA); and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).

In North Carolina, forensic science is a critical component of the criminal justice system, utilized by both state and federal courts. The state operates under the North Carolina General Statutes, which outline the procedures and regulations for the collection, preservation, and analysis of forensic evidence. Forensic scientists in NC work in various disciplines such as DNA analysis, forensic chemistry, trace evidence, fingerprinting, firearms examination, and more, contributing to the investigation and prosecution of crimes. These professionals may be employed by government entities such as the State Bureau of Investigation (SBI) or local law enforcement agencies, as well as by medical examiners, universities, or private firms. Additionally, federal forensic resources are accessible through agencies like the ATF, DEA, and FBI, which maintain specialized laboratories for complex analyses. The admissibility of forensic evidence in court is subject to strict standards to ensure its reliability and accuracy, as governed by state law and federal rules of evidence.