Forensic science is an important part of the criminal justice system, in both state and federal courts. Forensic scientists examine and analyze evidence from crime scenes and other relevant locations to develop objective findings that may assist in the investigation and prosecution of criminals, or clear an innocent person from suspicion.

Common forensic science laboratory disciplines include (1) forensic molecular biology (DNA); (2) forensic chemistry; (3) trace evidence examination (hairs, fibers, paints, polymers, glass, soil, etc.); (4) latent fingerprint examination; (5) firearms and toolmarks examination; (6) handwriting analysis; (7) fire and explosives examinations; (8) forensic toxicology; and (9) digital evidence.

Practitioners of these forensic science disciplines are usually found in medical examiner or coroner’s offices, universities, and private practices. And the United States Department of Justice maintains forensic laboratories at (1) the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF); (2) the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA); and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).

In Montana, forensic science plays a crucial role in the criminal justice system, aiding both state and federal courts. Forensic scientists in MT are tasked with examining and analyzing evidence from crime scenes to provide objective findings that can support criminal investigations and court proceedings. The state adheres to standards and practices that ensure the reliability and admissibility of forensic evidence. Montana's forensic science services are often provided by state crime laboratories, medical examiner or coroner's offices, as well as by universities and private entities. At the federal level, the Department of Justice oversees forensic laboratories through agencies such as the ATF, DEA, and FBI, which may also collaborate with state authorities on criminal matters. The use of forensic evidence in Montana is subject to both state statutes and federal laws, which dictate how evidence is to be collected, preserved, analyzed, and presented in court to ensure that it meets the necessary legal standards for admissibility.