Forensic science is an important part of the criminal justice system, in both state and federal courts. Forensic scientists examine and analyze evidence from crime scenes and other relevant locations to develop objective findings that may assist in the investigation and prosecution of criminals, or clear an innocent person from suspicion.

Common forensic science laboratory disciplines include (1) forensic molecular biology (DNA); (2) forensic chemistry; (3) trace evidence examination (hairs, fibers, paints, polymers, glass, soil, etc.); (4) latent fingerprint examination; (5) firearms and toolmarks examination; (6) handwriting analysis; (7) fire and explosives examinations; (8) forensic toxicology; and (9) digital evidence.

Practitioners of these forensic science disciplines are usually found in medical examiner or coroner’s offices, universities, and private practices. And the United States Department of Justice maintains forensic laboratories at (1) the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF); (2) the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA); and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).

In Minnesota, forensic science is a critical component of the criminal justice system, utilized by both state and federal courts. The state adheres to standards and regulations that govern the collection, preservation, and analysis of forensic evidence. Forensic scientists in Minnesota may work in various settings, including medical examiner or coroner offices, academic institutions, and private firms. They engage in a range of disciplines such as DNA analysis, forensic chemistry, trace evidence, fingerprinting, ballistics, document examination, arson and explosives investigation, toxicology, and digital forensics. Minnesota's Bureau of Criminal Apprehension (BCA) operates forensic science laboratories that provide services to law enforcement agencies across the state. Additionally, federal forensic resources are accessible through agencies like the ATF, DEA, and FBI, which maintain their own specialized laboratories. These federal and state forensic services are essential for the thorough investigation of crimes, ensuring that evidence is analyzed with scientific rigor to support the legal process.