Forensic science is an important part of the criminal justice system, in both state and federal courts. Forensic scientists examine and analyze evidence from crime scenes and other relevant locations to develop objective findings that may assist in the investigation and prosecution of criminals, or clear an innocent person from suspicion.

Common forensic science laboratory disciplines include (1) forensic molecular biology (DNA); (2) forensic chemistry; (3) trace evidence examination (hairs, fibers, paints, polymers, glass, soil, etc.); (4) latent fingerprint examination; (5) firearms and toolmarks examination; (6) handwriting analysis; (7) fire and explosives examinations; (8) forensic toxicology; and (9) digital evidence.

Practitioners of these forensic science disciplines are usually found in medical examiner or coroner’s offices, universities, and private practices. And the United States Department of Justice maintains forensic laboratories at (1) the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF); (2) the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA); and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).

In Maryland, forensic science is a critical component of the criminal justice system, utilized by both state and federal courts. Forensic scientists in Maryland work within various disciplines such as DNA analysis, forensic chemistry, trace evidence, latent fingerprints, firearms and toolmarks, handwriting, fire and explosives, toxicology, and digital evidence. These experts analyze evidence from crime scenes to aid in criminal investigations and legal proceedings. Maryland's forensic scientists may be employed by state agencies, medical examiner or coroner offices, academic institutions, or private firms. Additionally, federal forensic laboratories, including those operated by the ATF, DEA, and FBI, contribute to the forensic science landscape. Maryland adheres to state statutes and federal laws governing the admissibility of forensic evidence in court, ensuring that such evidence meets established standards of reliability and relevance. The state also follows guidelines and best practices recommended by professional forensic organizations to maintain the integrity of forensic processes and results.