Forensic science is an important part of the criminal justice system, in both state and federal courts. Forensic scientists examine and analyze evidence from crime scenes and other relevant locations to develop objective findings that may assist in the investigation and prosecution of criminals, or clear an innocent person from suspicion.

Common forensic science laboratory disciplines include (1) forensic molecular biology (DNA); (2) forensic chemistry; (3) trace evidence examination (hairs, fibers, paints, polymers, glass, soil, etc.); (4) latent fingerprint examination; (5) firearms and toolmarks examination; (6) handwriting analysis; (7) fire and explosives examinations; (8) forensic toxicology; and (9) digital evidence.

Practitioners of these forensic science disciplines are usually found in medical examiner or coroner’s offices, universities, and private practices. And the United States Department of Justice maintains forensic laboratories at (1) the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF); (2) the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA); and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).

In Massachusetts, forensic science is a critical component of the criminal justice system, utilized in both state and federal courts to analyze evidence related to criminal cases. The state adheres to standards and regulations that govern the practice of forensic science to ensure the accuracy and reliability of evidence. Forensic scientists in Massachusetts may work in various settings, including state-run laboratories, medical examiner or coroner's offices, academic institutions, and private firms. The Massachusetts State Police Crime Laboratory provides forensic services in several disciplines, including DNA analysis, drug identification, toxicology, and latent print analysis, among others. Additionally, federal agencies such as the ATF, DEA, and FBI operate their own forensic laboratories that may also serve cases within Massachusetts. The Commonwealth has established protocols and accreditation requirements for forensic laboratories to maintain the integrity of forensic evidence. These regulations are designed to ensure that forensic practitioners are properly trained and that the methods they use are scientifically validated and reliable.