Forensic science is an important part of the criminal justice system, in both state and federal courts. Forensic scientists examine and analyze evidence from crime scenes and other relevant locations to develop objective findings that may assist in the investigation and prosecution of criminals, or clear an innocent person from suspicion.

Common forensic science laboratory disciplines include (1) forensic molecular biology (DNA); (2) forensic chemistry; (3) trace evidence examination (hairs, fibers, paints, polymers, glass, soil, etc.); (4) latent fingerprint examination; (5) firearms and toolmarks examination; (6) handwriting analysis; (7) fire and explosives examinations; (8) forensic toxicology; and (9) digital evidence.

Practitioners of these forensic science disciplines are usually found in medical examiner or coroner’s offices, universities, and private practices. And the United States Department of Justice maintains forensic laboratories at (1) the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF); (2) the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA); and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).

In Illinois, forensic science is a critical component of the criminal justice system, utilized by both state and federal courts. Forensic scientists in Illinois work within various disciplines such as DNA analysis, forensic chemistry, trace evidence, fingerprinting, firearms and toolmarks, handwriting, fire and explosives, toxicology, and digital evidence to provide objective analysis of evidence from crime scenes. These professionals may be employed by medical examiner or coroner offices, academic institutions, or private firms. Additionally, federal forensic services are provided by agencies such as the ATF, DEA, and FBI. Illinois adheres to state statutes and federal laws that govern the admissibility of forensic evidence in court, ensuring that such evidence meets established standards of reliability and relevance. The Illinois State Police operates a system of forensic laboratories across the state, and there are protocols in place for the collection, preservation, and testing of forensic evidence to maintain its integrity and admissibility in legal proceedings.