Forensic science is an important part of the criminal justice system, in both state and federal courts. Forensic scientists examine and analyze evidence from crime scenes and other relevant locations to develop objective findings that may assist in the investigation and prosecution of criminals, or clear an innocent person from suspicion.

Common forensic science laboratory disciplines include (1) forensic molecular biology (DNA); (2) forensic chemistry; (3) trace evidence examination (hairs, fibers, paints, polymers, glass, soil, etc.); (4) latent fingerprint examination; (5) firearms and toolmarks examination; (6) handwriting analysis; (7) fire and explosives examinations; (8) forensic toxicology; and (9) digital evidence.

Practitioners of these forensic science disciplines are usually found in medical examiner or coroner’s offices, universities, and private practices. And the United States Department of Justice maintains forensic laboratories at (1) the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF); (2) the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA); and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).

In Idaho, forensic science is a critical component of the criminal justice system, utilized in both state and federal courts to analyze evidence related to criminal cases. The state adheres to legal standards and protocols to ensure that forensic analysis is conducted reliably and accurately. Forensic scientists in Idaho may work in various settings, including state crime laboratories, medical examiner or coroner's offices, academic institutions, and private sector labs. They engage in a range of disciplines such as DNA analysis, forensic chemistry, trace evidence, fingerprinting, ballistics, document examination, arson and explosives analysis, toxicology, and digital forensics. Idaho's state statutes and federal laws govern the admissibility of forensic evidence in court, and practitioners must often meet certain qualifications and follow established procedures to ensure that their findings are legally acceptable. Additionally, federal agencies like the ATF, DEA, and FBI maintain specialized forensic laboratories that can be utilized in cases that involve federal jurisdiction or cross-state matters.