Forensic science is an important part of the criminal justice system, in both state and federal courts. Forensic scientists examine and analyze evidence from crime scenes and other relevant locations to develop objective findings that may assist in the investigation and prosecution of criminals, or clear an innocent person from suspicion.

Common forensic science laboratory disciplines include (1) forensic molecular biology (DNA); (2) forensic chemistry; (3) trace evidence examination (hairs, fibers, paints, polymers, glass, soil, etc.); (4) latent fingerprint examination; (5) firearms and toolmarks examination; (6) handwriting analysis; (7) fire and explosives examinations; (8) forensic toxicology; and (9) digital evidence.

Practitioners of these forensic science disciplines are usually found in medical examiner or coroner’s offices, universities, and private practices. And the United States Department of Justice maintains forensic laboratories at (1) the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF); (2) the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA); and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).

In Hawaii, forensic science is a critical component of the criminal justice system, utilized in both state and federal courts to analyze evidence related to criminal activities. The state adheres to various regulations and standards to ensure the reliability and validity of forensic evidence. Forensic scientists in Hawaii may work in different settings, including medical examiner or coroner offices, academic institutions, and private firms. They engage in a range of disciplines such as DNA analysis, forensic chemistry, trace evidence, fingerprinting, ballistics, document examination, arson and explosives investigation, toxicology, and digital forensics. Hawaii's state laws and the Hawaii Revised Statutes may outline specific procedures and protocols for the collection, preservation, and analysis of forensic evidence. Additionally, federal agencies like the ATF, DEA, and FBI operate forensic laboratories that can be involved in cases with federal jurisdiction or when state and local agencies seek their expertise. It is important for attorneys and law enforcement officials to be aware of the standards governing forensic science to ensure that evidence is handled properly and can withstand scrutiny in court.