Forensic science is an important part of the criminal justice system, in both state and federal courts. Forensic scientists examine and analyze evidence from crime scenes and other relevant locations to develop objective findings that may assist in the investigation and prosecution of criminals, or clear an innocent person from suspicion.

Common forensic science laboratory disciplines include (1) forensic molecular biology (DNA); (2) forensic chemistry; (3) trace evidence examination (hairs, fibers, paints, polymers, glass, soil, etc.); (4) latent fingerprint examination; (5) firearms and toolmarks examination; (6) handwriting analysis; (7) fire and explosives examinations; (8) forensic toxicology; and (9) digital evidence.

Practitioners of these forensic science disciplines are usually found in medical examiner or coroner’s offices, universities, and private practices. And the United States Department of Justice maintains forensic laboratories at (1) the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF); (2) the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA); and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).

In Georgia, forensic science is a critical component of the criminal justice system, utilized in both state and federal courts to analyze evidence related to criminal cases. The state adheres to regulations and standards that govern the practice of forensic science to ensure the accuracy and reliability of forensic evidence. Forensic scientists in Georgia may work in various settings, including medical examiner or coroner’s offices, academic institutions, and private firms. They engage in a range of disciplines such as DNA analysis, forensic chemistry, trace evidence, fingerprinting, ballistics, document examination, arson and explosives analysis, toxicology, and digital forensics. Georgia's Bureau of Investigation (GBI) operates its own forensic laboratory system, providing services to law enforcement agencies across the state. Additionally, federal agencies like the ATF, DEA, and FBI maintain forensic laboratories that can be involved in cases within Georgia. The use of forensic science in Georgia is subject to state statutes and federal laws that dictate the handling, testing, and admissibility of forensic evidence in court proceedings.