Forensic science is an important part of the criminal justice system, in both state and federal courts. Forensic scientists examine and analyze evidence from crime scenes and other relevant locations to develop objective findings that may assist in the investigation and prosecution of criminals, or clear an innocent person from suspicion.

Common forensic science laboratory disciplines include (1) forensic molecular biology (DNA); (2) forensic chemistry; (3) trace evidence examination (hairs, fibers, paints, polymers, glass, soil, etc.); (4) latent fingerprint examination; (5) firearms and toolmarks examination; (6) handwriting analysis; (7) fire and explosives examinations; (8) forensic toxicology; and (9) digital evidence.

Practitioners of these forensic science disciplines are usually found in medical examiner or coroner’s offices, universities, and private practices. And the United States Department of Justice maintains forensic laboratories at (1) the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF); (2) the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA); and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).

In Connecticut, forensic science is a critical component of the criminal justice system, utilized in both state and federal courts to analyze evidence related to criminal activities. The state adheres to various statutes and regulations that govern the practice of forensic science. Forensic scientists in Connecticut may work in different settings, including medical examiner or coroner offices, academic institutions, or private firms. They engage in a range of disciplines such as DNA analysis, forensic chemistry, trace evidence, fingerprinting, firearms examination, handwriting analysis, fire and explosive investigation, toxicology, and digital evidence. Connecticut's Department of Emergency Services and Public Protection (DESPP) operates the Division of Scientific Services, which houses the state's forensic laboratory. This laboratory provides forensic support to state and local law enforcement. At the federal level, agencies like the ATF, DEA, and FBI maintain their own forensic laboratories to support their investigative and enforcement missions. These federal and state facilities work in tandem to ensure that forensic science contributes effectively to the legal process, from investigation to prosecution.