Forensic science is an important part of the criminal justice system, in both state and federal courts. Forensic scientists examine and analyze evidence from crime scenes and other relevant locations to develop objective findings that may assist in the investigation and prosecution of criminals, or clear an innocent person from suspicion.

Common forensic science laboratory disciplines include (1) forensic molecular biology (DNA); (2) forensic chemistry; (3) trace evidence examination (hairs, fibers, paints, polymers, glass, soil, etc.); (4) latent fingerprint examination; (5) firearms and toolmarks examination; (6) handwriting analysis; (7) fire and explosives examinations; (8) forensic toxicology; and (9) digital evidence.

Practitioners of these forensic science disciplines are usually found in medical examiner or coroner’s offices, universities, and private practices. And the United States Department of Justice maintains forensic laboratories at (1) the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF); (2) the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA); and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).

In Arkansas, forensic science plays a crucial role in the criminal justice system, aiding both state and federal courts. Forensic scientists in Arkansas work to examine and analyze evidence from crime scenes, contributing to the investigation and prosecution of criminal activity, as well as potentially exonerating the innocent. The state adheres to various forensic science disciplines, including DNA analysis, forensic chemistry, trace evidence, latent fingerprinting, firearms and toolmarks, handwriting, fire and explosives, toxicology, and digital evidence. These forensic experts are typically employed by medical examiner or coroner offices, academic institutions, or private firms. Additionally, Arkansas recognizes and may utilize the resources of federal forensic laboratories operated by the Department of Justice, including those of the ATF, DEA, and FBI. State statutes and regulations ensure that forensic practices meet certain standards and that evidence handling follows protocols to maintain the integrity of the judicial process.