Forensic science is an important part of the criminal justice system, in both state and federal courts. Forensic scientists examine and analyze evidence from crime scenes and other relevant locations to develop objective findings that may assist in the investigation and prosecution of criminals, or clear an innocent person from suspicion.

Common forensic science laboratory disciplines include (1) forensic molecular biology (DNA); (2) forensic chemistry; (3) trace evidence examination (hairs, fibers, paints, polymers, glass, soil, etc.); (4) latent fingerprint examination; (5) firearms and toolmarks examination; (6) handwriting analysis; (7) fire and explosives examinations; (8) forensic toxicology; and (9) digital evidence.

Practitioners of these forensic science disciplines are usually found in medical examiner or coroner’s offices, universities, and private practices. And the United States Department of Justice maintains forensic laboratories at (1) the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF); (2) the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA); and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).

In Alabama, forensic science plays a crucial role in the criminal justice system, aiding both state and federal courts. Forensic scientists in Alabama work to provide objective analysis of evidence collected from crime scenes, which can be pivotal in the resolution of criminal cases. The state adheres to standards and regulations that govern the practice of forensic science to ensure the accuracy and reliability of evidence. Alabama has its own state forensic laboratories, and practitioners may also operate in various settings such as medical examiner offices, universities, or private practices. Additionally, federal forensic resources are accessible through agencies like the ATF, DEA, and FBI, which maintain their own specialized laboratories. These federal resources complement state forensic science capabilities, especially in complex or high-profile cases. It's important to note that the admissibility of forensic evidence in court is subject to legal standards, such as the Daubert standard, which requires that the methodology underlying the evidence be scientifically valid and applicable to the facts of the case.