Forensic science is an important part of the criminal justice system, in both state and federal courts. Forensic scientists examine and analyze evidence from crime scenes and other relevant locations to develop objective findings that may assist in the investigation and prosecution of criminals, or clear an innocent person from suspicion.

Common forensic science laboratory disciplines include (1) forensic molecular biology (DNA); (2) forensic chemistry; (3) trace evidence examination (hairs, fibers, paints, polymers, glass, soil, etc.); (4) latent fingerprint examination; (5) firearms and toolmarks examination; (6) handwriting analysis; (7) fire and explosives examinations; (8) forensic toxicology; and (9) digital evidence.

Practitioners of these forensic science disciplines are usually found in medical examiner or coroner’s offices, universities, and private practices. And the United States Department of Justice maintains forensic laboratories at (1) the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (ATF); (2) the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA); and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI).

In Alaska, forensic science plays a crucial role in the criminal justice system, aiding both state and federal courts. Forensic scientists in Alaska analyze evidence from crime scenes to provide objective findings that can support criminal investigations and court proceedings. The state adheres to standards and regulations that ensure the reliability and admissibility of forensic evidence. Alaska's forensic science services are often associated with state crime laboratories, medical examiner or coroner's offices, and sometimes with academic institutions or private entities. At the federal level, agencies like the ATF, DEA, and FBI maintain their own forensic laboratories, which can also contribute to cases in Alaska. These laboratories specialize in various disciplines such as DNA analysis, forensic chemistry, trace evidence, latent fingerprints, ballistics, document examination, arson and explosives analysis, toxicology, and digital forensics. The use of forensic science in Alaska is subject to both state statutes and federal laws, which dictate the standards for evidence handling, laboratory accreditation, and expert witness testimony.