In a state court criminal prosecution, the judge may order a defendant to perform court-ordered community service—often in conjunction with an alternative sentence such as probation, pretrial diversion, or deferred adjudication.

Similarly, in the federal courts, community service is not a sentence, but a special condition of probation or supervised release. The probation officer’s presentence report—which the court relies on in choosing a fair sentence—may recommend that the court require community service. The court usually requires that the offender complete a specified number of hours of community service (usually from 100 to 500) within a given time frame (usually not to exceed one year).

Court-ordered community service may be related to the underlying criminal offense. For example, a defendant charged with driving while intoxicated (DWI) may be ordered to complete court-ordered community service by volunteering with Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) or giving speeches to young adults on the dangers of drinking and driving.

In South Carolina, judges have the discretion to order defendants to perform court-ordered community service as part of an alternative sentence, which may include probation, pretrial diversion, or deferred adjudication. This is often used as a rehabilitative measure and can be tailored to reflect the nature of the offense. For instance, individuals convicted of DWI may be directed to work with organizations like Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) or engage in educational outreach. The specifics of the community service, such as the number of hours and the time frame for completion, are determined by the court and are typically outlined in the sentencing order. At the federal level, community service is similarly used as a special condition of probation or supervised release, with recommendations for its inclusion often found in the probation officer's presentence report. The court then decides whether to incorporate community service into the offender's sentence, specifying the requirements and duration.