Vandalism is generally the damage, destruction, defacing, or alteration of tangible public or private property, done with criminal intent (intentionally or knowingly). Vandalism charges often arise from (1) damage to a home or dwelling; (2) damage to a place of business; (3) damage to a motor vehicle; (4) damage to a school; (5) defacement or destruction of public or private property (graffiti, etc.); or (6) tampering with public water, gas, power, or communications.

Vandalism is sometimes classified as criminal mischief or reckless damage or destruction of property under state laws. These laws vary from state to state and are generally located in a state’s statutes—usually in the penal or criminal code.

In Washington State, vandalism is addressed under the terms 'malicious mischief' and is codified in the Revised Code of Washington (RCW) 9A.48. Specifically, the law defines various degrees of malicious mischief based on the extent of the damage and the value of the property affected. Malicious mischief in the first degree (RCW 9A.48.070) involves knowingly and maliciously causing physical damage to the property of another which exceeds $5,000, or causing impairment or interruption of any service rendered to the public (such as utilities), and is classified as a Class B felony. Malicious mischief in the second degree (RCW 9A.48.080) applies to damage that exceeds $750 but is less than $5,000, and is a Class C felony. Malicious mischief in the third degree (RCW 9A.48.090) covers cases where the damage is under $750 and is a gross misdemeanor. These laws cover a range of vandalism activities including damage to homes, businesses, vehicles, schools, and public utilities. The intent behind the act is a key component, as the perpetrator must act 'knowingly and maliciously.' Graffiti, which is a common form of vandalism, may also be addressed under these statutes or under local municipal codes that specifically pertain to graffiti abatement and prevention.