Vandalism is generally the damage, destruction, defacing, or alteration of tangible public or private property, done with criminal intent (intentionally or knowingly). Vandalism charges often arise from (1) damage to a home or dwelling; (2) damage to a place of business; (3) damage to a motor vehicle; (4) damage to a school; (5) defacement or destruction of public or private property (graffiti, etc.); or (6) tampering with public water, gas, power, or communications.

Vandalism is sometimes classified as criminal mischief or reckless damage or destruction of property under state laws. These laws vary from state to state and are generally located in a state’s statutes—usually in the penal or criminal code.

In Virginia, vandalism is referred to as 'destruction of property' or 'defacing public or private property,' and it is addressed under the Virginia Code. The law considers it a crime to intentionally damage, destroy, deface, or alter someone else's property without permission. The severity of the charges can range from a Class 1 misdemeanor to a felony, depending on the extent of the damage and the value of the property involved. For instance, if the damage is valued at less than $1,000, it is typically charged as a misdemeanor, which can result in up to 12 months in jail and a fine of up to $2,500. However, if the damage is valued at $1,000 or more, the offense is elevated to a Class 6 felony, which carries harsher penalties including one to five years in prison or, at the discretion of the court or jury, confinement in jail for not more than 12 months and a fine of not more than $2,500, either or both. Specific acts of vandalism, such as graffiti, may also be subject to additional fines and community service. It's important to note that Virginia law also provides for restitution to the victim for the damage caused.