Vandalism is generally the damage, destruction, defacing, or alteration of tangible public or private property, done with criminal intent (intentionally or knowingly). Vandalism charges often arise from (1) damage to a home or dwelling; (2) damage to a place of business; (3) damage to a motor vehicle; (4) damage to a school; (5) defacement or destruction of public or private property (graffiti, etc.); or (6) tampering with public water, gas, power, or communications.

Vandalism is sometimes classified as criminal mischief or reckless damage or destruction of property under state laws. These laws vary from state to state and are generally located in a state’s statutes—usually in the penal or criminal code.

In Tennessee, vandalism is addressed under the Tennessee Code Annotated (T.C.A.) § 39-14-408. The law defines vandalism as the knowing or malicious destruction, injury, disfigurement, or defacement of any property without the owner's consent. This includes, but is not limited to, the damage to homes, businesses, vehicles, schools, and public or private property. The severity of the charges and the penalties for vandalism in Tennessee depend on the value of the property damaged or destroyed. Vandalism can range from a Class A misdemeanor for damage valued at $500 or less, to a Class B felony for damage valued at $25,000 or more. Additionally, individuals may face restitution costs for the repair or replacement of the damaged property. It's important to note that specific acts like graffiti are also covered under this statute, and penalties can include fines, imprisonment, and community service.