Vandalism is generally the damage, destruction, defacing, or alteration of tangible public or private property, done with criminal intent (intentionally or knowingly). Vandalism charges often arise from (1) damage to a home or dwelling; (2) damage to a place of business; (3) damage to a motor vehicle; (4) damage to a school; (5) defacement or destruction of public or private property (graffiti, etc.); or (6) tampering with public water, gas, power, or communications.

Vandalism is sometimes classified as criminal mischief or reckless damage or destruction of property under state laws. These laws vary from state to state and are generally located in a state’s statutes—usually in the penal or criminal code.

In Minnesota, vandalism is addressed under the state's criminal damage to property laws. These laws are found in Minnesota Statutes, specifically under sections 609.595 and 609.594. Vandalism can be charged when an individual intentionally causes damage to physical property without the consent of the owner. The severity of the charges can range from a misdemeanor to a felony, depending on factors such as the extent of the damage, the value of the property damaged, and whether the act was committed because of bias. For example, damage to property that does not exceed $500 is typically considered a misdemeanor, while damage exceeding this amount can be charged as a felony. Additionally, Minnesota law recognizes specific acts of vandalism such as graffiti under separate statutes, which may carry their own penalties. It is important for individuals facing such charges to consult with an attorney to understand the specific implications of the charges they are facing and the potential defenses that may be available to them.