Shoplifting or retail theft laws vary from state to state, and in many states the act of shoplifting—taking displayed goods from a commercial retail store during store hours and without paying for the goods—is classified as the criminal offense of theft or larceny.

Shoplifting, theft, and larceny laws are often classified in part by the value of the goods stolen, attempted to be stolen, or intended to be stolen. These laws are generally located in a state’s statutes—often in the penal or criminal code.

In Tennessee, shoplifting is considered a form of theft and is covered under the state's theft laws. The offense is typically referred to as 'theft of property' and is codified in the Tennessee Code Annotated (T.C.A.). The severity of the charge and the potential penalties depend on the value of the merchandise stolen. For example, if the value of the stolen property is $1,000 or less, it is classified as a Class A misdemeanor, which can result in up to one year in jail and fines. If the value is more than $1,000 but less than $2,500, it is considered a Class E felony, with increased penalties including potential imprisonment. The classifications and penalties continue to escalate with the value of the stolen goods, with theft involving property valued at $250,000 or more being classified as a Class A felony, which carries the most severe penalties. Additionally, Tennessee law allows for civil penalties, where the merchant may demand compensation in the form of a civil penalty from the shoplifter.