In many states it is a criminal offense to intentionally or recklessly transmit a sexually transmitted disease (STD or venereal disease) to another person. Examples of such diseases include HIV/AIDS, syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, genital herpes, human papillomavirus (HPV), genital warts, and hepatitis B.

Laws vary from state to state, and in some states these laws include other infectious or communicable diseases. In some states there is a specific criminal offense for transmission of sexually transmitted or communicable diseases, and in other states criminal prosecutors charge the defendant with a more general crime like assault.

Laws regarding criminal liability for the intentional or reckless transmission of sexual or other infectious or communicable diseases are generally located in a state’s statutes—often in the penal or criminal code, or the health and safety code.

A person who negligently transmits a sexually transmitted disease to another person through sexual contact—without informing the other person of the offender’s infection before the sexual contact—may also be subject to civil liability for money damages in a lawsuit.

In Nevada, the intentional or reckless transmission of a sexually transmitted disease (STD) is addressed under Nevada Revised Statutes (NRS). Specifically, NRS 441A.180 requires individuals who are aware they have an STD to inform their partners before engaging in sexual conduct. Failure to do so can result in criminal charges. Nevada law particularly emphasizes the transmission of HIV under NRS 201.205, where it is a category B felony for a person who is HIV-positive to intentionally, knowingly, or willfully engage in conduct that is intended or likely to transmit the disease to another person. Additionally, under NRS 201.358, it is a crime for a person to engage in prostitution or solicitation if they test positive for HIV. Beyond criminal liability, individuals in Nevada may also face civil lawsuits for negligently transmitting an STD, where the infected party can be sued for monetary damages for the harm caused by the transmission.