In many states it is a criminal offense to intentionally or recklessly transmit a sexually transmitted disease (STD or venereal disease) to another person. Examples of such diseases include HIV/AIDS, syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, genital herpes, human papillomavirus (HPV), genital warts, and hepatitis B.

Laws vary from state to state, and in some states these laws include other infectious or communicable diseases. In some states there is a specific criminal offense for transmission of sexually transmitted or communicable diseases, and in other states criminal prosecutors charge the defendant with a more general crime like assault.

Laws regarding criminal liability for the intentional or reckless transmission of sexual or other infectious or communicable diseases are generally located in a state’s statutes—often in the penal or criminal code, or the health and safety code.

A person who negligently transmits a sexually transmitted disease to another person through sexual contact—without informing the other person of the offender’s infection before the sexual contact—may also be subject to civil liability for money damages in a lawsuit.

In Alaska, it is a criminal offense to knowingly transmit an STD to another person. Alaska Statutes specifically address the transmission of sexually transmitted diseases under AS 11.41.455, which makes it a class A misdemeanor for a person with a sexually transmitted disease to knowingly engage in sexual contact with another without informing that person of the STD. This law applies to diseases such as HIV/AIDS, syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, genital herpes, HPV, genital warts, and hepatitis B. Additionally, Alaska's public health laws require that certain STDs be reported to the state's Department of Health and Social Services. While Alaska's statutes focus on the criminal aspect, individuals who negligently transmit an STD may also face civil liability and could be sued for damages by the person infected.