Some states have laws (statutes) that require a person to accurately provide their identification (ID) (name, residence address, date of birth) to the police if the police have reasonable suspicion to believe (1) a crime has been committed, is being committed, or is about to be committed and (2) the person asked to provide identification is involved as a participant or as a witness. If there is no reasonable suspicion, a person does not have to provide identification—but courts often find reasonable suspicion as a matter of course.

These statutes are sometimes called stop-and-identify laws or stop and ID laws, and the violation of the statute may be a criminal offense or crime known as “failure to ID.” Stop and ID laws vary from state to state in the states that have such laws. For example, in some states failure to ID cannot be the basis for an arrest (there must be an underlying criminal offense) and in some states the obligation to provide identification only applies to a person who has been arrested.

And in some states it is a criminal offense for a person to provide a false or fictitious name, residence address, or date of birth if the person has been detained by police on the basis of reasonable suspicion or is believed to be a witness to a criminal offense.

The United States Supreme Court has held that the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution may allow suspects to refuse to give their name if they have a reasonable belief their name could be incriminating. Kolender v. Lawson, 461 U.S. 352 (1983).

In West Virginia, there is no specific 'stop and identify' statute that requires individuals to provide their identification to police officers under all circumstances. However, under West Virginia Code §17B-2-1, individuals operating a motor vehicle must carry their driver's license and must display it upon demand to a law enforcement officer. Failure to do so can result in a misdemeanor charge. Additionally, providing false information to a police officer is a criminal offense under West Virginia Code §61-5-22, which could include giving a false name, residence address, or date of birth when lawfully stopped or detained. It's important to note that while West Virginia does not have a statute that explicitly requires individuals to identify themselves during a stop with reasonable suspicion, police may still ask for identification, and the situation could escalate if an individual refuses to comply. Furthermore, the U.S. Supreme Court ruling in Kolender v. Lawson protects individuals under the Fifth Amendment from self-incrimination, which may allow a person to refuse to give their name if providing it could be incriminating.