Contempt of court is disobedience to or disrespect of a court by acting in opposition to its authority. The power to punish for contempt is an inherent power of a court and an essential element of judicial independence and authority. A court’s power to punish by contempt order allows the court to enforce its orders.

Actions constituting contempt of court can be divided into two categories: direct and constructive. Direct contempt involves disobedience or disrespect that occurs within the presence of the court. Constructive contempt occurs outside the court’s presence. The distinction between direct and constructive contempt is important because it determines the procedural protections that must be provided.

Contempt punishment can be divided into criminal and civil. Civil contempt is coercive, and the contemnor (person held in contempt) may obtain his release by complying with the court’s order. In criminal contempt proceedings, the court punishes the contemnor for improper actions and no subsequent voluntary compliance can avoid punishment for past acts. Criminal contempt proceedings require additional due process protections. The required constitutional protections depend on whether the criminal contempt is serious or not. Serious criminal contempt involves imprisonment for more than six months. However, even for non-serious criminal contempt proceedings, courts have held that parties are entitled to advance notice of their potential punishment.

Finally, because due process requires not only notice, but an opportunity to be heard, a person accused of contempt is also entitled to present a defense to the alleged contempt.

In Arkansas, contempt of court encompasses both direct and constructive contempt. Direct contempt occurs in the immediate view and presence of the court, such as disruptive behavior during a court session, while constructive contempt happens outside the court's presence, such as failure to comply with a court order. Arkansas courts have inherent authority to enforce their orders and maintain respect for the judicial process through contempt powers. Contempt can be categorized as either civil or criminal. Civil contempt is remedial and aims to compel compliance with a court order, with the contemnor able to secure release by adhering to the order. Criminal contempt, on the other hand, is punitive and seeks to sanction past disobedience, with no relief through subsequent compliance. Criminal contempt charges require additional due process protections, especially when the contempt is considered 'serious' and may result in imprisonment for more than six months. Even in cases of non-serious criminal contempt, the accused must receive advance notice of the charges and potential penalties, and they have the right to present a defense. These due process requirements are grounded in both state statutes and federal constitutional principles to ensure fairness in the contempt proceedings.