Child abuse is generally the mistreatment of a child by a parent or caregiver—through actions or inactions—that causes injury, death, or emotional harm to the child—or that places the child at serious risk of such injury, death, or emotional harm. Mistreatment that constitutes child abuse may take many forms, including neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, failure to supervise, and exploitation. Child abuse laws vary from state to state and are usually located in a state’s family code and criminal or penal code.

In Wisconsin, child abuse is defined and governed by both the state's family code and criminal statutes. Child abuse encompasses a range of behaviors that harm or pose a serious risk to a child's physical or emotional health and development. This includes physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, neglect, failure to provide necessary care or supervision, and exploitation. Wisconsin law mandates that certain professionals, such as teachers and healthcare providers, must report suspected child abuse to the authorities. The Wisconsin Department of Children and Families (DCF) is the state agency responsible for investigating reports of child abuse and neglect. Criminal charges for child abuse can range from misdemeanors to felonies, depending on the severity of the abuse. Penalties may include imprisonment, fines, and mandatory treatment programs. Additionally, individuals found responsible for child abuse may face consequences in family court, such as the loss of custody or visitation rights.