Child abuse is generally the mistreatment of a child by a parent or caregiver—through actions or inactions—that causes injury, death, or emotional harm to the child—or that places the child at serious risk of such injury, death, or emotional harm. Mistreatment that constitutes child abuse may take many forms, including neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, failure to supervise, and exploitation. Child abuse laws vary from state to state and are usually located in a state’s family code and criminal or penal code.

In South Carolina, child abuse is addressed under both civil and criminal statutes, designed to protect children from harm and to hold perpetrators accountable. The state defines child abuse broadly to include physical harm, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect. South Carolina law mandates that certain professionals, such as teachers and healthcare providers, must report suspected child abuse to the authorities. Failure to report can result in penalties. The Department of Social Services (DSS) is the primary agency responsible for investigating reports of child abuse and taking appropriate action, which may include removing the child from the home if necessary for their safety. Criminal charges for child abuse can range from misdemeanors to felonies, depending on the severity of the abuse, with penalties including fines, imprisonment, and mandatory counseling. The state also has provisions for the protection of children through restraining orders and can terminate parental rights in severe cases of abuse.