Child abuse is generally the mistreatment of a child by a parent or caregiver—through actions or inactions—that causes injury, death, or emotional harm to the child—or that places the child at serious risk of such injury, death, or emotional harm. Mistreatment that constitutes child abuse may take many forms, including neglect, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, failure to supervise, and exploitation. Child abuse laws vary from state to state and are usually located in a state’s family code and criminal or penal code.

In Massachusetts, child abuse is addressed under both civil and criminal statutes. The law defines child abuse as any act by a caregiver or parent that results in injury or harm to a child or poses a risk of serious harm. This includes physical, emotional, and sexual abuse, as well as neglect and exploitation. Mandatory reporting laws require certain professionals, such as teachers and doctors, to report suspected child abuse to the Massachusetts Department of Children and Families (DCF). The DCF is responsible for investigating reports of child abuse and taking appropriate action, which may include removing the child from the home if necessary. Criminal charges for child abuse can range from misdemeanors to felonies, depending on the severity of the abuse. Penalties may include imprisonment, fines, and mandatory participation in treatment programs. The Commonwealth's laws aim to protect children's welfare and hold abusers accountable while also providing rehabilitative opportunities when appropriate.