Carjacking is a type of robbery in which the criminal uses force or the threat of force to take possession and control of an automobile—usually when the victim is inside or near the automobile. Carjacking laws vary from state to state, and are usually located in a state’s penal code. Carjacking is also a federal crime when the stolen vehicle is transported, shipped, or received in interstate or foreign commerce (generally, transported across state lines).
In Colorado, carjacking is considered a serious crime and is addressed under the state's robbery statutes. Specifically, it falls under aggravated robbery, which involves robbery with the use or threat of use of a deadly weapon, and this can include situations where a vehicle is taken directly from a person or in their presence. Aggravated robbery is a class 3 felony in Colorado, which can result in a significant prison sentence and fines. Additionally, if the carjacking involves the use of force or fear against the victim, it can lead to enhanced penalties. On the federal level, carjacking becomes a federal crime if the stolen vehicle is transported across state lines or involves interstate commerce. The federal Anti Car Theft Act of 1992 specifically addresses carjacking and imposes severe penalties for those convicted of the crime, including potential life imprisonment if the carjacking results in death or serious bodily harm to another person.