The crime of assault varies from state to state (and under federal law), but is generally defined as intentionally putting another person in reasonable apprehension or fear of an imminent (immediate) harmful or offensive contact. The crime of assault may be committed even if there is no physical contact, as the criminal physical contact constitutes the separate crime of battery.
In Arkansas, assault is defined under Arkansas Code Annotated § 5-13-201 to § 5-13-210. The state differentiates between different degrees of assault, with the severity depending on factors such as the intent behind the act, the degree of fear or harm caused, and whether a weapon was used. Simple assault, which is a Class C misdemeanor, involves creating apprehension of imminent physical injury in another person. More serious forms of assault, such as aggravated assault, which is a Class D felony, involve displaying a weapon or other means that could cause death or serious physical injury, thereby creating a substantial danger of death or serious physical injury to another person. It is important to note that actual physical contact is not necessary for an assault charge; the key element is the reasonable fear or apprehension of harm. If physical contact does occur, it may result in a separate charge of battery.