The crime of assault varies from state to state (and under federal law), but is generally defined as intentionally putting another person in reasonable apprehension or fear of an imminent (immediate) harmful or offensive contact. The crime of assault may be committed even if there is no physical contact, as the criminal physical contact constitutes the separate crime of battery. In many states assaulting a police officer or peace officer who is performing official duties (such as making a lawful arrest) is a more serious offense—sometimes a felony.

In Tennessee, assault is defined under Tennessee Code Annotated (T.C.A.) § 39-13-101. The law characterizes assault as intentionally, knowingly, or recklessly causing bodily injury to another, causing someone to reasonably fear imminent bodily injury, or making physical contact with another in a provocative or offensive manner. Tennessee recognizes the distinction between assault and battery, although in practice the terms are often used interchangeably. Assault does not require physical contact, which is more closely associated with battery. The state also has enhanced penalties for assaults committed against certain individuals, including law enforcement officers. Under T.C.A. § 39-13-102, assaulting a police officer or any other first responder who is engaged in the performance of official duties is considered an aggravated assault, which is a more serious charge and can be classified as a felony. The severity of the charge and the associated penalties can vary depending on factors such as the victim's occupation, the presence of a weapon, and the intent behind the act.