The crime of assault varies from state to state (and under federal law), but is generally defined as intentionally putting another person in reasonable apprehension or fear of an imminent (immediate) harmful or offensive contact. The crime of assault may be committed even if there is no physical contact, as the criminal physical contact constitutes the separate crime of battery. In many states assaulting a police officer or peace officer who is performing official duties (such as making a lawful arrest) is a more serious offense—sometimes a felony.

In South Carolina, assault is defined under the law as unlawfully attempting to cause bodily injury to another person, or causing such injury intentionally, without justification or excuse. It can also mean creating a reasonable fear of imminent harm in another person. South Carolina law distinguishes between different degrees of assault and battery, with varying levels of severity based on the circumstances and the harm caused or intended. Assault and Battery of a High and Aggravated Nature (ABHAN) is the most serious form, which can result in severe injury or involve extreme indifference to human life. Lesser degrees include first, second, and third-degree assault and battery, with the third degree being the least serious. Assaulting a law enforcement officer while they are performing their duties is indeed considered a more serious offense in South Carolina and can lead to felony charges, depending on the severity of the assault and the degree of injury caused to the officer.