The crime of assault varies from state to state (and under federal law), but is generally defined as intentionally putting another person in reasonable apprehension or fear of an imminent (immediate) harmful or offensive contact. The crime of assault may be committed even if there is no physical contact, as the criminal physical contact constitutes the separate crime of battery. In many states assaulting a police officer or peace officer who is performing official duties (such as making a lawful arrest) is a more serious offense—sometimes a felony.
In Michigan, assault is defined under Michigan Compiled Laws Section 750.81 as an attempt to commit a battery or an act that would cause a reasonable person to fear or apprehend an immediate battery. The state does not require physical contact for an assault charge; the mere threat or attempt, if perceived as immediate, can constitute assault. However, if physical contact occurs, it may be classified as battery. Assaulting a police officer or a peace officer in Michigan is indeed considered a more serious offense. According to Section 750.81d, if an individual assaults, batters, wounds, resists, obstructs, opposes, or endangers a person who they know or have reason to know is performing their duties, it is a felony, and the penalties are more severe than for a simple assault. The severity of the charges and penalties can increase based on the circumstances, such as if the officer is injured or if a weapon is used.