An alibi is a form of evidence used to defend against a criminal charge by demonstrating that the accused was somewhere other than the scene of the crime when the crime was committed.
In Hawaii, as in other jurisdictions, an alibi is a defense strategy used in criminal proceedings where the defendant aims to prove that they were in a different location at the time the alleged crime was committed, and therefore could not have been involved in the crime. The defendant can introduce evidence such as witness testimony, receipts, videos, photographs, or electronic records to support their alibi claim. Under Hawaii Rules of Penal Procedure (HRPP) Rule 12.1, a defendant who intends to rely on the defense of alibi must notify the prosecution in writing. The notice must state the specific place or places at which the defendant claims to have been at the time of the alleged offense and the names and addresses of the witnesses the defendant intends to call in support of the alibi. This procedural requirement allows the prosecution to investigate the validity of the alibi and prepare for cross-examination of the alibi witnesses. Failure to provide notice may result in the exclusion of the alibi evidence at trial, unless the court grants an exception due to the interests of justice.