A criminal charge of aiding and abetting is known as an accomplice crime, and may be brought against anyone who helps with the commission of a crime. Aiding and abetting charges vary from state to state (and under federal law), but generally require that the defendant knowingly and intentionally aided and abetted the principal(s) in each essential element of the underlying crime. A person charged with aiding and abetting is often not present when the underlying crime is committed, but has knowledge of the crime before the crime is committed, and assists with the commission of the crime by providing information, action, or financial support. If the person aiding and abetting has a sufficient degree of involvement in the crime, the participation may rise to the level of being a conspiracy to commit the underlying crime.

In Maryland, aiding and abetting is considered an accomplice liability, where an individual can be charged for assisting in the commission of a crime. Under Maryland law, a person may be held criminally responsible for a crime if they intentionally facilitate or encourage the commission of the crime, even if they are not present during its commission. This can include providing information, planning assistance, or financial support. The state must prove that the defendant had the intent to promote or facilitate the commission of the crime and took some affirmative action to aid in the crime. The charge of aiding and abetting can carry penalties similar to those for the principal offender. Additionally, if the involvement is significant enough, the individual may also face charges of conspiracy, which involves an agreement to commit a crime and an overt act in furtherance of that crime. It's important for anyone facing such charges to consult with an attorney to understand the specific implications and defenses available in their case.