Payday Loans

Many consumers who need cash quickly turn to payday loans—short-term, high interest loans that are generally due on the consumer’s next payday after the loan is taken out. The annual percentage rate of these loans is usually very high—sometimes 390% or more. In recent years, the availability of payday loans via the internet has increased significantly. Unfortunately, some payday lending operations have employed deception and other illegal conduct to take advantage of financially distressed consumers seeking these loans.

The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) enforces a variety of laws to protect consumers in this area. The agency has filed many law enforcement actions against payday lenders for, among other things, engaging in deceptive or unfair advertising and billing practices in violation of Section 5 of the FTC Act; failing to comply with the disclosure requirements of the Truth In Lending Act; violating the Credit Practices Rule’s prohibition against wage assignment clauses in contracts; conditioning credit on the preauthorization of electronic fund transfers in violation of the Electronic Fund Transfer Act; and employing unfair, deceptive, and abusive debt collection practices.

The FTC has also filed recent actions against scammers that contact consumers in an attempt to collect fake or phantom payday loan debts that consumers do not owe. Further, the FTC has filed actions against companies that locate themselves on Native American reservations in an attempt to evade state and federal consumer protection laws.

Car Title Loans

A car title loan is also a loan made for a short period of time—often for only 30 days. To get a car title loan, you must give the lender the title to your vehicle. The lender gives you cash and keeps the title to your vehicle. When it is time to repay the loan, you must pay the lender the amount you borrowed, plus a substantial fee—25% of the amount you borrowed, for example.

If you borrow $1,000 for 30 days, and the lender’s fee is 25%, you must repay the lender $1,250 30 days later. And if you are not able to repay the money when it is due, the lender may take or seize your car and sell it to satisfy the loan. This can be devastating for someone who relies on their car to get to work or to the grocery store.

In Montana, payday loans are regulated under the Montana Code Annotated 31-1-701 et seq., which caps the annual percentage rate (APR) at 36%. This is significantly lower than the rates mentioned in the description, which can be as high as 390% or more. The state's laws are designed to protect consumers from the high costs associated with these short-term, high-interest loans. Additionally, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) enforces federal laws that protect consumers against deceptive and unfair practices by payday lenders. These include violations of the FTC Act, the Truth In Lending Act, the Credit Practices Rule, the Electronic Fund Transfer Act, and laws against abusive debt collection practices. The FTC also takes action against fraudulent debt collectors and companies that try to evade consumer protection laws by operating on Native American reservations. Regarding car title loans, while Montana law permits these types of loans, they are also subject to the 36% APR cap, and borrowers must be fully informed about the terms and costs of the loan. If a borrower defaults on a car title loan, the lender may repossess and sell the vehicle to recover the loan amount, which can have serious consequences for the borrower.