Pro se (pro-say) means to argue on one’s own behalf in a court or other legal proceeding—also referred to as representing yourself in court or self-representation. A person can appear pro se in a civil or criminal case, but only a licensed lawyer can appear in court on behalf of a corporation, limited liability company, partnership, or other legal entity.
In West Virginia, as in other states, individuals have the right to represent themselves in court without an attorney, a practice known as 'pro se' representation. This applies to both civil and criminal cases. Pro se litigants are expected to follow the same rules and procedures as attorneys, including filing legal documents and presenting their case in court. However, while individuals can represent themselves, corporations, limited liability companies, partnerships, and other legal entities must be represented by a licensed attorney. These entities cannot appear pro se because they are considered separate legal 'persons' and must be represented by someone with the authority to practice law. The courts in West Virginia often provide resources and sometimes special assistance to pro se litigants to help them navigate the legal system.