Pro se (pro-say) means to argue on one’s own behalf in a court or other legal proceeding—also referred to as representing yourself in court or self-representation. A person can appear pro se in a civil or criminal case, but only a licensed lawyer can appear in court on behalf of a corporation, limited liability company, partnership, or other legal entity.
In New York, 'pro se' representation refers to the act of an individual representing themselves in a legal proceeding without the assistance of an attorney. This is permissible in both civil and criminal cases. Individuals may choose to represent themselves for various reasons, including financial constraints or a desire to maintain personal control over their legal affairs. However, while individuals have the right to self-representation, corporations, limited liability companies, partnerships, and other legal entities are required to be represented by a licensed attorney in court. This requirement is based on the principle that such entities are separate legal 'persons' and must be represented by someone with professional legal expertise. The courts often provide resources and assistance to pro se litigants to help them navigate the legal system, but they are held to the same standards as attorneys in terms of court procedures and the law.