Probate courts are usually trial courts with the authority to hear only matters relating to wills, estates, probate, guardianships, and conservatorships. Courts dedicated to these matters are usually located in populous counties and are said to have exclusive jurisdiction (authority) over such matters within the county.
In Ohio, probate courts are specialized courts that have exclusive jurisdiction over matters related to wills, estates, probate, guardianships, and conservatorships. These courts are established in each of Ohio's 88 counties, regardless of the population size of the county. The probate judge oversees the administration of decedents' estates, the issuance of marriage licenses, adoption proceedings, and the supervision of minor and incompetent persons' affairs through guardianships and conservatorships. Ohio probate courts also handle other matters as prescribed by state law, such as the issuance of certain licenses. The jurisdiction of these courts is exclusive, meaning that they are the only courts within the county that can hear and decide on these specific types of cases.