Probate courts are usually trial courts with the authority to hear only matters relating to wills, estates, probate, guardianships, and conservatorships. Courts dedicated to these matters are usually located in populous counties and are said to have exclusive jurisdiction (authority) over such matters within the county.
In Maryland, probate matters are handled by the Orphans' Court, which is a specialized court with jurisdiction over the administration of estates, including the probate of wills and the handling of estates without wills (intestacy). The Orphans' Court also oversees guardianships for minors and incapacitated adults. Maryland's Orphans' Courts are established in each county and the City of Baltimore, with judges elected to their positions. These courts have exclusive jurisdiction over probate matters within their respective counties. In cases where a party is dissatisfied with a decision made by the Orphans' Court, an appeal can be made to the Circuit Court. It's important to note that while the Orphans' Court primarily handles probate and related matters, the Circuit Court can also have concurrent jurisdiction in certain estate-related issues, such as will contests or property disputes arising out of an estate's administration.