Probate courts are usually trial courts with the authority to hear only matters relating to wills, estates, probate, guardianships, and conservatorships. Courts dedicated to these matters are usually located in populous counties and are said to have exclusive jurisdiction (authority) over such matters within the county.
In Indiana, probate matters are handled within the state's circuit court system rather than by separate probate courts. Each county has a circuit court that may include probate divisions or magistrates specifically designated to handle probate cases. These courts have the authority to oversee wills, estates, probate, guardianships, and conservatorships. Indiana's probate courts have exclusive jurisdiction over these matters within their respective counties, meaning they are the only courts that can make legal decisions regarding the administration of a deceased person's estate, the validity of a will, and the appointment of guardians or conservators for minors or incapacitated adults. In less populous counties, where there may not be a dedicated probate division, the circuit court judge will handle probate matters along with other types of cases.