Probate courts are usually trial courts with the authority to hear only matters relating to wills, estates, probate, guardianships, and conservatorships. Courts dedicated to these matters are usually located in populous counties and are said to have exclusive jurisdiction (authority) over such matters within the county.
In Florida, probate matters are handled by the Circuit Courts, as there are no separate probate courts. The Circuit Court's Probate Division has jurisdiction over cases pertaining to the administration of estates, probate of wills, determination of heirs, guardianships for minors and incapacitated persons, and conservatorships. These courts ensure that the deceased's debts are paid and that any remaining assets are distributed to the rightful beneficiaries. Florida's probate laws are codified in Chapters 731 through 735 of the Florida Statutes. While all Circuit Courts in Florida can handle probate matters, the complexity and volume of such cases are typically higher in more populous counties. The jurisdiction of these matters is exclusive to the Circuit Courts within their respective counties, meaning they are the only courts that can make legal decisions regarding these specific types of cases within their geographic boundaries.