The American legal system is based on the principle that an independent, fair, and competent judiciary (judges) will interpret and apply the laws that govern us. The role of the judiciary is central to American concepts of justice and the rule of law.

Each state, and the federal court system, has a code of judicial conduct that requires judges to respect and honor the judicial office and strive to enhance and maintain confidence in our legal system by maintaining integrity and independence, and avoiding even the appearance of impropriety. The judge determines or finds facts and laws for the resolution of disputes, and is a highly visible symbol of government under the rule of law. A code of judicial conduct is not intended as an exhaustive guide for the conduct of judges—they should also be governed in their judicial and personal conduct by general ethical standards. But such a code is intended to state basic standards that should govern the conduct of all judges, and to provide guidance to judges in establishing and maintaining high standards of judicial and personal conduct.

Each state and the federal court system has people and processes who handle complaints against judges and determine what if any disciplinary action is appropriate.

In Virginia, the judiciary operates under the principle that judges must be independent, fair, and competent to uphold the laws and ensure justice. The Commonwealth of Virginia has established a Code of Judicial Conduct that guides judges in maintaining the integrity, independence, and impartiality of the judiciary. This code serves as a framework for judges to avoid impropriety and the appearance of impropriety, and it outlines the ethical standards judges must adhere to both in their professional and personal lives. The Virginia Code of Judicial Conduct is not exhaustive but provides the foundational standards for judicial behavior. Additionally, Virginia has mechanisms in place to address complaints against judges. The Judicial Inquiry and Review Commission (JIRC) is responsible for investigating allegations of judicial misconduct and can recommend disciplinary actions to the Supreme Court of Virginia if necessary. These measures are in place to preserve public confidence in the legal system and to ensure that the judiciary upholds the rule of law.