The American legal system is based on the principle that an independent, fair, and competent judiciary (judges) will interpret and apply the laws that govern us. The role of the judiciary is central to American concepts of justice and the rule of law.

Each state, and the federal court system, has a code of judicial conduct that requires judges to respect and honor the judicial office and strive to enhance and maintain confidence in our legal system by maintaining integrity and independence, and avoiding even the appearance of impropriety. The judge determines or finds facts and laws for the resolution of disputes, and is a highly visible symbol of government under the rule of law. A code of judicial conduct is not intended as an exhaustive guide for the conduct of judges—they should also be governed in their judicial and personal conduct by general ethical standards. But such a code is intended to state basic standards that should govern the conduct of all judges, and to provide guidance to judges in establishing and maintaining high standards of judicial and personal conduct.

Each state and the federal court system has people and processes who handle complaints against judges and determine what if any disciplinary action is appropriate.

In New Jersey, the judiciary is guided by the principle of maintaining an independent, fair, and competent system of justice. Judges in the state are expected to adhere to the New Jersey Code of Judicial Conduct, which sets forth the ethical standards and principles necessary to uphold the integrity, independence, and impartiality of the judiciary. This code serves as a framework for judges to avoid impropriety and the appearance of impropriety, ensuring public confidence in the legal system. The New Jersey Supreme Court has established the Advisory Committee on Judicial Conduct (ACJC), which is responsible for examining allegations of judicial misconduct. When complaints are filed against judges, the ACJC conducts preliminary investigations and can recommend disciplinary actions to the Supreme Court, which has the final authority to impose sanctions ranging from censure to removal from office. This system is designed to preserve the rule of law and the proper administration of justice in New Jersey.