The American legal system is based on the principle that an independent, fair, and competent judiciary (judges) will interpret and apply the laws that govern us. The role of the judiciary is central to American concepts of justice and the rule of law.

Each state, and the federal court system, has a code of judicial conduct that requires judges to respect and honor the judicial office and strive to enhance and maintain confidence in our legal system by maintaining integrity and independence, and avoiding even the appearance of impropriety. The judge determines or finds facts and laws for the resolution of disputes, and is a highly visible symbol of government under the rule of law. A code of judicial conduct is not intended as an exhaustive guide for the conduct of judges—they should also be governed in their judicial and personal conduct by general ethical standards. But such a code is intended to state basic standards that should govern the conduct of all judges, and to provide guidance to judges in establishing and maintaining high standards of judicial and personal conduct.

Each state and the federal court system has people and processes who handle complaints against judges and determine what if any disciplinary action is appropriate.

In Illinois, the judiciary is governed by the Illinois Code of Judicial Conduct, which sets forth the ethical standards and rules that judges must follow to ensure fairness, competence, and independence in the legal system. These rules are designed to uphold the integrity of the judiciary and maintain public confidence in the legal system. Judges in Illinois are expected to avoid impropriety and the appearance of impropriety, perform their duties impartially, and refrain from political activity. The Illinois Courts Commission is the body responsible for handling complaints against judges and imposing disciplinary actions when necessary. This can range from censure to removal from office, depending on the severity of the misconduct. The Commission ensures that judges adhere to the high standards required of their position and that any violations of the Code of Judicial Conduct are addressed appropriately.