Family courts—also known as domestic relations courts—are usually trial courts with the authority to hear only matters relating to family or domestic matters—such as divorce, child custody, and child support—and modification of related orders—as well as dating and domestic violence matters. Courts dedicated to family or domestic relations matters are usually located in populous counties and are said to have exclusive jurisdiction of domestic relations matters within the county.

In South Dakota, family courts, which may also be referred to as domestic relations courts, are specialized courts that handle cases related to family law issues. These courts typically have the authority to preside over matters such as divorce, child custody, child support, and modifications of existing family-related orders. Additionally, they deal with cases involving domestic and dating violence. Family courts in South Dakota are designed to address the legal aspects of family dynamics and provide a forum for resolving disputes within the scope of family law. While South Dakota does not have separate family courts in every county, the circuit courts in each judicial circuit exercise jurisdiction over family law matters. In more populous counties, there may be judges who primarily focus on family law cases. These courts have exclusive jurisdiction over domestic relations matters within their geographic area, meaning they are the only courts that can make legal decisions on these issues in their respective counties.