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Civil courts hear civil matters—which are generally lawsuits regarding disputes between persons or entities in which money, property, or personal rights under the law are at issue. Civil matters are distinguishable from criminal matters, which generally involve a city, state, or federal government prosecuting a person or entity for the commission of a crime.

In Virginia, civil courts are responsible for adjudicating non-criminal disputes between parties, which may include individuals, businesses, or other entities. These disputes often involve issues such as contracts, torts (civil wrongs like negligence), property, family law (such as divorce and custody), and other matters where the parties seek monetary damages, equitable relief, or the enforcement of legal rights. Unlike criminal cases, where the government prosecutes violations of criminal law, civil cases are typically initiated by a plaintiff seeking remedy for a perceived wrong. Virginia's civil court system is structured with the General District Courts handling minor civil matters, such as small claims and cases involving limited monetary amounts, while the Circuit Courts handle larger and more complex cases, including appeals from the General District Courts. The Supreme Court of Virginia serves as the highest court for civil appeals in the state.

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Courts

civil courts

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Courts

civil courts

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