Each state has its own constitution, which generally creates the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of state government; defines and limits the powers of these branches; and identifies fundamental rights of its citizens. A state’s constitution often defines and limits the state’s power to tax its citizens, and provides for the education of its citizens through public schools.

In Vermont, as in every state, the state constitution is the fundamental governing document that outlines the structure and function of the state government. The Vermont Constitution establishes the legislative branch (General Assembly), the executive branch (headed by the Governor), and the judicial branch (comprising the Vermont Supreme Court and lower courts). It delineates the powers and responsibilities of each branch, ensuring a system of checks and balances. Additionally, the Vermont Constitution includes provisions that protect the fundamental rights of its citizens, which may go beyond the protections offered by the U.S. Constitution. Regarding taxation, the Vermont Constitution provides the framework for the state's authority to impose taxes, which is subject to limitations and must conform to principles of fairness and equity. Education is also a significant aspect of the Vermont Constitution, which mandates the provision of public education and establishes the responsibility of the state to ensure that all children have access to quality education. These constitutional provisions are designed to reflect Vermont's values and priorities, and they can be amended through a process that involves both the legislature and the electorate.