Each state has its own constitution, which generally creates the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of state government; defines and limits the powers of these branches; and identifies fundamental rights of its citizens. A state’s constitution often defines and limits the state’s power to tax its citizens, and provides for the education of its citizens through public schools.
In South Carolina, the state constitution establishes the framework for state government, mirroring the federal structure by creating legislative, executive, and judicial branches. The South Carolina General Assembly, consisting of the Senate and House of Representatives, exercises legislative power. The executive branch is headed by the Governor, while the judicial power is vested in the unified judicial system, including the Supreme Court of South Carolina. The state constitution also outlines the fundamental rights of South Carolina citizens, which include rights similar to those in the U.S. Constitution, along with additional protections. Regarding taxation, the South Carolina Constitution provides the state with the authority to levy taxes but includes provisions that limit this power to prevent excessive or unfair taxation. Education is addressed in the constitution, which mandates the establishment and maintenance of a system of free public schools and prescribes the manner of funding and administering them.