Each state has its own constitution, which generally creates the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of state government; defines and limits the powers of these branches; and identifies fundamental rights of its citizens. A state’s constitution often defines and limits the state’s power to tax its citizens, and provides for the education of its citizens through public schools.

In Nebraska, the state constitution establishes the framework for state government, mirroring the federal structure by creating legislative, executive, and judicial branches. The Nebraska Legislature is unique in that it is unicameral, meaning it has only one house, and it is nonpartisan. The executive branch is headed by the Governor, while the judicial system is headed by the Nebraska Supreme Court. The constitution outlines the powers and limitations of these branches to ensure a balance of power. Additionally, the Nebraska Constitution includes provisions for the protection of individual rights, which may be more expansive than those found in the U.S. Constitution. Regarding taxation, the constitution provides the state with the authority to levy taxes but also includes limitations to protect citizens from excessive taxation. Education is a significant focus, with the constitution mandating the establishment and funding of public schools to ensure the education of Nebraska's citizens. Amendments to the state constitution can be proposed by the legislature or through citizen initiatives and must be approved by a majority vote of the people.