The First Amendment to the United States Constitution makes it unlawful for the U.S. Congress or any of the states to prohibit the free exercise of religion.

The free exercise of religion means the right to believe and profess whatever religious doctrine one desires. Thus, the First Amendment obviously excludes all governmental regulation of religious beliefs. The government may not compel affirmation of religious belief, punish the expression of religious doctrines it believes to be false, impose special disabilities on the basis of religious views or religious status, or lend its power to one or the other side in controversies over religious authority or dogma.

But the exercise of religion often involves not only belief and profession of belief, but the performance of (or abstention from) physical acts: assembling with others for a worship service; participating in sacramental use of bread and wine; proselytizing; or abstaining from certain foods or certain modes of transportation.

A State would presumably be prohibiting the free exercise of religion if it sought to ban such acts or abstentions only when they are engaged in for religious reasons, or only because of the religious belief that they display. It would be unconstitutional, for example, to ban the creation of statues that are to be used for worship purposes, or to prohibit bowing down before a golden calf.

In Iowa, as in all states, the First Amendment to the United States Constitution provides robust protections for the free exercise of religion. This means that individuals in Iowa have the right to hold any religious belief they choose and to express those beliefs without fear of government interference. The government cannot force individuals to adhere to a particular religion, nor can it punish them for their religious beliefs or practices. Furthermore, the government cannot impose special disabilities or benefits based on religious status or views. In terms of religious practices, such as worship services, sacraments, proselytizing, dietary restrictions, or other religiously motivated actions, the state cannot prohibit these practices when they are performed for religious reasons or because they display a religious belief. Any state law or action in Iowa that targets religious practices in such a way would likely be found unconstitutional under the First Amendment. It's important to note that while the free exercise of religion is broadly protected, there are limits when religious practices conflict with public safety, health, or other compelling government interests. In such cases, the courts may weigh the government's interest against the individual's religious freedom to determine if a restriction is permissible.