The Establishment Clause in the First Amendment to the United States Constitution provides that “Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.” In applying the Establishment Clause to disputes ranging from prayer in schools and in state legislatures to monuments displaying the Ten Commandments or crosses on public grounds, the U.S. Supreme Court has acknowledged the strong role played by religion and religious traditions throughout our Nation's history—while recognizing that governmental intervention in religious matters can itself endanger religious freedom.

The Supreme Court described this balancing act: “Our institutions presuppose a Supreme Being, yet these institutions must not press religious observances upon their citizens. One face looks to the past in acknowledgment of our Nation's heritage, while the other looks to the present in demanding a separation between church and state. Reconciling these two faces requires that we neither abdicate our responsibility to maintain a division between church and state nor evince a hostility to religion by disabling the government from in some ways recognizing our religious heritage.”

In Michigan, as in all states, the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution prohibits the government from making any law 'respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof.' This means that Michigan's government cannot establish an official religion nor can it unduly interfere with the religious practices of its citizens. The U.S. Supreme Court has interpreted this clause to require a balance between acknowledging the nation's religious heritage and maintaining a separation of church and state. This has led to various rulings that allow for some recognition of religion in public life, such as legislative prayers or religious displays, as long as they do not coerce participation in religious activities or endorse a particular religion. Michigan must adhere to these federal constitutional standards, and any state statutes or practices must comply with the interpretations of the Establishment Clause as determined by the Supreme Court.